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If the weight goes too far, it will be difficult to get up the nose. It can be harder to get up from a stall if it is too far away. And like a manger, the farther away it dances, the stronger it is. Rear seat luggage compartment. The center of gravity envelope (below) indicates the range of weights and allowable times for a given aircraft (arm weight, distance from a predetermined starting point). Weight and balance calculation is a skill that will pay off when you graduate from a training environment and start planning your travels in the real world like friends, suitcases and more.
Basic Empty Weight Aircraft
The center of gravity. The center of mass of an aircraft - the point at which it is balanced when suspended in mid-air. It is usually specified in inches from the reference.
Quiz: Aircraft Weight And Balance
Data. This is the point at which the hand is measured. A point before the datum has a negative hand. The latter point is positive. In this case, the datum is on the firewall.
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A datum is an imaginary vertical plane in which all horizontal measurements are taken for the purpose of balancing in an aircraft in a one-level flight behavior. When viewing data on a plane drawing, it appears as a vertical line perpendicular (90 degrees) to the longitudinal axis of the plane. For each aircraft, the manufacturer and model, the location of all elements is identified with reference to a single data. For example, the fuel in the tank can be 60 inches (60 ") behind the base line and the radio on the plane can be 90 inches in front of the base line.
The datum is set by the manufacturer. It is often the leading edge of the wing or a certain distance from a position that can be easily identified. The typical position for a datum is the nose of the plane, the leading edge of the wing, the height of the helicopter, or a certain distance from a known point. However, most modern helicopters, like aircraft, have data at a certain distance at the nose or forward of the aircraft. Figure 1 shows the plane where the leading edge of the wing is the datum. The distance from this datum is measured in inches and can be a positive or negative number depending on where the device is relative to the datum.
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The location of the data is determined in the aircraft specification or certificate type data sheet (TCDS). The aircraft, certified prior to 1958, belongs to the Civil Aviation Administration and includes information on weight and balance in documents known as aircraft specifications. The aircraft, which has been certified since 1958, is under the FAA and contains information on weight and balance in a document called the Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS). Aircraft specifications usually include a list of aircraft equipment. For aircraft with TCDS, the device list is a separate file.
The arm is the horizontal distance from the reference point to any point in the plane. Hand distances are always measured in inches and are preceded by logarithms for positive (+) or negative (-) numbers, except where they can actually be on the data. A positive sign indicates that the item is placed behind the datum and a negative sign indicates that the item is placed in front of the datum. All weapons will be positive if the manufacturer selects the datum located at the front most of the aircraft. The position of the datum at different points on the plane is that some arms are positive or behind the datum and some arms are negative or forward of the datum. Figure 1 shows the plane where the datum is the leading edge of the wing. For this aircraft, everything in front of the front edge of the wing (fuel, radio seat. If the element is on the leading edge of the wing is zero and it does not matter mathematically whether the arm is positive or negative).
The arms of each item are usually enclosed in parentheses immediately after the item name or weight in the TCDS aircraft specification or equipment list for the aircraft. For example, in the TCDS the fuel volume can be set to 98 gallons (+93.6) and the front luggage limit is 100 pounds (lb) (–22.5). This number indicates that the fuel is 93.6 "in front of the datum and the nose tank is 22.6" behind the datum. If the hand of the instrument does not know the exact position, it must be measured accurately. Once the arm for a machine is set, it is measured from the datum to the machine’s own CG.
Understanding balance requires immediate working knowledge of principles. For those who do not know the word weight and balance, the word time is the result of force or weight and distance. The distance used to calculate this time is called the hand or one hand time and is usually expressed in inches. To calculate time, you need to know the force (or weight) and the distance. If you multiply the weight by the distance from the datum, the result is when the force acting in inches (in pounds). To be clear, we likened a plane to a sawsaw. Like a tire, in order for the plane to balance, the sum of the moments on either side of the balance point must be equal. So the same weight at different distances (in inches) from the datum will have a larger time.
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A 5 lb radio placed 80 "from the datum has a time of 400 in-lb (5 lb × 80"). A 10-pound radio located 12 "from the datum has a time of 120 in-lb. Whether this time is preceded by a positive (+) or a negative (-) sign depends on where it relates to the datum. Weight and both hands are positive, it shows that the moment is positive.
The algebraic sign of the moment depends on the position of the datum and whether a weight is added or subtracted [Figure 3] as follows:
When dealing with positive and negative numbers, remember that products with the same sign produce a positive answer and products with a different sign produce a negative answer.
CG is the point at which all the weights of the aircraft are concentrated and balanced. Thus the aircraft can be supported at that point (CG). The nose and the tail are exactly the same size. This is the balance point of the aircraft and the suspension at this point will not tend to have a nose-up or downward attitude.
Why Does Maneuvering Speed Change With Weight?
Figure 4 shows a lever with a handle (called a fulcrum) at the CG of the lever. Although the weight on one side of the fulcrum is not equal and the distance from each weight to the fulcrum is not equal, the product of weight and arm (time) is equal, so it is balanced. So the scales are as balanced as two people of different weights and at different distances from the fulcrum sitting on a sawsaw.
Maximum weight is the maximum weight approved for an aircraft and its contents and is indicated in the aircraft specification or TCDS. For many aircraft, the maximum allowable weight varies depending on the purpose and conditions under which the aircraft is flown. For example, some aircraft may allow a maximum gross weight of 2,750 lb when flying in the normal category, but
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